Dementia test: new checklist reveals 12 steps that can help reduce risk of getting dementia

A new checklist comprising 12 simple steps can help to reduce the risk of getting dementia, research suggests.

Alzheimer’s Research UK says the vast majority of people are not doing enough to ward off the condition later in life.

The charity said it wanted to empower people to make choices to help reduce their odds of developing dementia, saying that it is the “most feared consequence of ageing”.

Dementia is a syndrome - a group of related symptoms - associated with an ongoing decline of brain functioning, and there are many different causes and types.

Alzheimer’s disease and vascular dementia make up the majority of cases, according to the NHS, and it can affect the way you speak, think, feel and behave.

Some 40% of dementia cases are thought to be linked to lifestyle factors, which can be modified to reduce a person’s risk.

Academics are also calling for brain health to be included as part of the NHS mid-life MOT – also known as the NHS Health Check – after a survey conducted on behalf of the charity found that just 2% of adults are doing their utmost to help their brains stay healthy.

This includes looking after their hearing, daily challenges to keep the brain active, socialising, keeping fit and eating a healthy diet.

What 12 steps can help reduce dementia risk?

Alzehimer’s Research UK has unveiled a new checklist of 12 lifestyle factors people could change to help reduce their risk of developing dementia. These include:

• Getting at least seven hours of sleep a night
• Regularly challenging the brain
• Looking after mental well-being
• Staying socially active
• Looking after your hearing
• Eating a balanced diet
• Staying physically active
• Quitting smoking
• Drinking responsibly
• Keeping a healthy level of cholesterol
• Maintaining healthy blood pressure
• Managing diabetes as well as possible

People of any age are encouraged to use the new Think Brain Health Check-In tool, although it is primarily aimed at people in their 40s and 50s.

Professor Jonathan Schott, chief medical officer at Alzheimer’s Research UK, said that only 30% of people know that there is something that they can do to individually reduce their risks.

He said: “There are some people who are (genetically) destined to develop dementia, but we know now that up to 40% of worldwide dementia risk is potentially modifiable. And we now are developing a rational evidence base of at least 12 modifiable and potentially modifiable risk factors.

“It’s vital that we do all that we can, as individuals and society, to reduce our risk.”

He added: “Dementia is now the most feared consequence of ageing so people are wanting to know what they can do about their risk. I think that it’s empowering to individuals to know that there are some things that they can do.”

Prof Paul Matthews, centre director at UK Dementia Research Institute at Imperial College London, added: “Now there is fairly solid scientific evidence that there’s an association between wine being consumed at any level and smaller brain volumes.

“One view is: ‘if I have any increased risk, I want to stop it and it’s easy for me to give up my glass or two of red wine in the evening’.

“Another is: ‘these (drinks) are what give my life pleasure, help me socialise, help me interact with other people, and therefore the loss would be a high cost to me and even if there is a possible small increased risk of dementia, I’m going to take it with wine and do other things to reduce my risk’. We need to give people the knowledge to make these choices.”

Meanwhile, a separate study has also shown that continuing education in younger life, avoiding traumatic head injury and reducing exposure to air pollution can also help reduce a person’s risk.

The new survey, conducted by YouGov on behalf of the charity, found that people are falling short in the steps they can perform themselves to reduce their risk.

The poll of 2,200 UK adults found that 35% of people said they have had concerns about their hearing, but more than half of those (59%) reported that they have not done anything about it. Previous studies have found that people with hearing loss had a lower risk of mild cognitive impairment compared to people who do not tackle their hearing problems.

The survey also found that only 31% of adults said they get at least seven hours of quality sleep each night, just over a quarter (27%) said they do activities to challenge their brain every day and only 30% said they meet physical activity guidelines each week.

However the majority of people polled said that they speak to, or meet, friends, family or colleagues a number of times each week and most said they had recently had their blood pressure checked.