More than 1.6m people in the UK were paid a low wage last year, according to the Low Pay Commission, with those in Northern Ireland and the North of England worst impacted.
Data published by the Low Pay Commission for 2021 shows that Northern Ireland has the highest rate of low-paid workers of any region, at 9%, or 102,000 people.
In England, the North of England and the Midlands have a significantly higher rate of workers on low pay than the South of England and Scotland, with just 3.8% of workers in London on low-pay.
The Low Pay Commission defines low pay as below or 5p within the National Living Wage and National Minimum Wage rates, as well as apprenticeships.
These are the local authorities with the highest rate of low-paid work. There is no local authority data available for Northern Ireland.
1. Boston
Boston, East Midlands : 18.1%, 4,900 people
2. Middlesbrough
Middlesbrough, North East: 13.2%, 6,200 people
3. Staffordshire Moorlands
Staffordshire Moorlands, West Midlands: 13.2%, 3,000 people
4. Uttlesford
Uttlesford, East of England: 12.9%, 4,700 people