American XL Bully: How will a dog ban work? Where do XL Bully dogs come from? Who is Killer Kimbo?

Owners of American XL bully dogs will not face a cull of their pets, the UK’s top vet has said, after the Prime Minister pledged to ban the breed.

Campaign groups have hailed the promise to ban the dogs by the end of the year after a series of attacks prompted calls to put the breed on the Dangerous Dogs Act list.

But questions remain about how exactly a ban will be implemented and enforced, with concerns about the challenge of defining the dog breed given its cross-bred nature.

Chief Veterinary Officer Professor Christine Middlemiss said that coming to a “consensus” on that definition would be one of the first things officials would do.

Speaking on BBC Radio 4’s Today programme, she also confirmed that an “amnesty” approach would mean there would not be a cull of the dogs.

“There will be an amnesty. So people that already have these dogs – and some of them will be well socialised, well managed, well trained – you will need to register and take certain actions.

“Your dog will need to be neutered. It will need to be muzzled when out in public and on a lead and insured.

“But if you comply with these actions, and that means we’ll know where these dogs are, which will be a massive benefit, then yes, absolutely you will be able to keep your dog.”

Such an approach would echo that taken when pitbulls were banned under the Dangerous Dogs Act in the 1990s.

The ban comes after a man died after being attacked on Thursday by two dogs – suspected to be bully XLs – in Staffordshire.

Mr Sunak used a video on social media to promise that the Government would “ban the breed under the Dangerous Dogs Act and new laws will be in place by the end of the year.

“These dogs are dangerous, I want to reassure the public that we will take all necessary steps to keep people safe,” he said.

He also said that he had ordered ministers to bring together police and experts to define the breed of dog behind these attacks so they can be outlawed.

Prof Middlemiss said: “We will work with veterinary experts, dog experts, the police and other agencies who have been involved with these dogs and our animal welfare NGOs so we can come to consensus on the type of dogs we have been seeing that are doing these attacks and an appropriate breed definition.

“And that will be one of the first pieces of work that we have to take forward.”

The decision was welcomed by campaigners but other groups – including the RSPCA and the Kennel Club – said banning American XL bully dogs would not stop attacks.

Lord Baker, the architect of the Act during the Sir John Major era, said American XL bully dogs should be “neutered or destroyed” once the ban has come into force, with any permitted to live being “muzzled for the entire time”.

Speaking to LBC, the Tory peer said: “It should be done almost immediately because this is a very dangerous breed and it has actually killed children and attacked other people, and I do not accept the views of the Kennel Club and the RSPCA that breeds should not be banned.

“This dog is, in fact, bred in order to fight and to be aggressive. It has already done enough damage and the Prime Minister is absolutely right to add it.”

Labour, while supportive of the ban, criticised the Prime Minister for “dithering” over bringing in restrictions on their ownership.

Sir Keir Starmer told broadcasters: “There has been a clear case for banning them for a long time. What I say to the Government is good, get on with it, and the sooner we can do this the better.”

Backers of the ban have rejected suggestions that the decision was made despite a lack of data and evidence.

Legal academic Dr Lawrence Newport told Times Radio: “We actually know that bans work, because we’ve had one in place on pitbulls since 1991.

“That ban has been very successful. And we know that because for example, in the UK, we have half the per capita deaths to dogs that the US does, and that difference is entirely explained by pitbulls.”

What is a bully XL and how was it bred?

About 50% of all breeding American bullies in the UK are linked to one dog known as “Killer Kimbo”, and it and its offspring are “linked to multiple deaths”, a legal academic has said.

Speaking to Times Radio, Dr Lawrence Newport said: “The American bully is founded on American pit bull terrier, it was essentially started in the late 80s and early 90s by breeding fighting American pit bull terriers. These are dogs that have one on one fight to the deaths with other dogs and they were then bred together.

“The claim was that they were then mixed with other kinds of large dog breeds like mastiffs, etc.

“What research from Bully Watch has shown is that actually if you trace their pedigrees, these dogs are just highly inbred fighting pit bulls.

“Indeed, a recent investigative work with Bully Watch and the Telegraph showed that 50% of all American bullies in the country or breeding American bullies in the country, are linked to one single dog known as Killer Kimbo who is linked to multiple deaths, certainly his offspring are linked to multiple deaths, and Killer Kimbo is so inbred he has the same great grandfather four times over.”

How dangerous are bully XLs?

The American XL bully breed of dog has been responsible for nearly 50% of all attacks on both humans and dogs, and 70% of all deaths to dogs since 2021, a legal academic has said.

Speaking to Times Radio after a coalition of animal charities, including the RSPCA and the Kennel Club, said banning American XL bully dogs would not stop attacks, Dr Lawrence Newport said: “Well, there’s a couple of responses to this. The first is that this dog breed is responsible for over 70% of all deaths to dogs since 2021, it’s responsible for nearly 50% of all attacks on both humans and other dogs.

“In July of this year, in one week, in July this year, one dog a day was killed by an American bully. They are a uniquely dangerous breed of dog.

“But we actually know that bans work, because we’ve had one in place on Pit Bulls since 1991. That ban has been very successful. And we know that because for example, in the UK, we have half the per capita deaths to dogs that the US does, and that difference is entirely explained by Pit Bulls.

“Pit Bulls in the US are around about 60% of all deaths to dogs. We don’t have that here, in large part because of the ban.

“And indeed, the recent rise of the American Bully is a natural experiment in what happens if you relax a ban. They are after all a Pit Bull type and in around about 2015 they were allowed through a couple of court cases they were seen as a quote unquote different breed and were then allowed into the country and of course by 2018, many are imported and now we have found to our great cost, what that means, deaths and attacks skyrocket. Bans work.”