Areas have been ranked by PM2.5 concentrations recorded in 2019 by the Department for Environment and Rural Affairs (Defra).
PM2.5 are solid or liquid particles with a diameter at least 30 times smaller than the width of a human hair. It can be naturally occurring, such as from sea spray or dust storms, or man made, from soot caused by burning fuels for transport, industry and heating.

9. Tower Hamlets
This London borough had similarly high levels of air pollution, with a concentration of around 12.5%, with 95.4% manmade. Photo: Shutterstock

10. Redbridge
The levels of PM2.5 pollution in Redbridge sat at 12.4% in 2019. Around 95.3% of this was manmade. Photo: Shutterstock
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